Triglycerides:Triglycerides are a type of fat in your blood. Having high levels can increase your risk of heart disease.

Total Cholesterol:Total cholesterol levels are crucial for assessing heart disease risk. Excess cholesterol in the blood can damage arteries and blood vessels, raising the risk of stroke, heart attack, and heart disease. Cholesterol, produced by the liver, supports vital functions like building cells, promoting hormone and brain function, and synthesising Vitamin D.

LDL:LDL is a key marker for cardiovascular disease risk. It carries cholesterol to cells but is known as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries.

HDL:HDL is a part of a detailed lipid panel and an essential heart disease risk assessment. Think of HDL as the "healthy" cholesterol that helps reduce plaque buildup, supporting heart health.

Non-HDL Cholesterol:This measures cholesterol that is not HDL and is a risk marker for conditions like dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome.

Triglycerides:Triglycerides are a type of fat in your blood. Having high levels can increase your risk of heart disease.

TC:HDL Ratio:This test measures the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, providing a clear picture of heart health.

Alanine Transaminase:ALT is an enzyme that indicates liver health. If liver cells are damaged due to excess alcohol, drugs, disease, or injury, ALT levels rise in the bloodstream, showing up in a blood test.

Alkaline Phosphatase:ALP helps detect and monitor conditions related to the liver, malnutrition, autoimmune disorders, or bone disease. As an enzyme that breaks down proteins, ALP is found throughout the body, especially in the liver, bones, intestines, and kidneys.

Gamma-glutamyl Transferase:Monitor your liver health with GGT. This test detects liver disease, identifies bile duct blockages, and checks for conditions related to alcohol and toxins. GGT is a reliable marker for toxin exposure or fatty liver from alcohol, even when other liver tests are normal.

Total Protein:Protein levels reveal the health of your kidneys, liver, and absorption processes. The body is made up of thousands of proteins, each playing a crucial role in making and maintaining every cell, including enzymes and hormones. Proteins also fuel cells and the immune system with energy.

Albumin:Abnormal albumin levels can indicate malnutrition, liver or kidney disease, or digestive inflammatory conditions like Crohn’s or Celiac disease that result in malabsorption. Albumin is a protein made by the liver that helps maintain fluid balance in the bloodstream and assists in the transportation of hormones, vitamins, and enzymes throughout the body.

Bilirubin:This test, along with a full liver panel, helps determine the cause of jaundice and diagnose conditions such as liver disease, hemolytic anaemia, or bile duct blockage. The liver produces bile, which contains bilirubin to aid in digestion. A healthy liver eliminates bilirubin, but a malfunctioning liver fails to break down and dispose of it properly.

Blood Urea Nitrogen:BUN measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood. Urea is a waste product that the kidneys normally flush out. High levels indicate that the kidneys aren't properly regulating waste, which can signal kidney disease. This test is often compared with creatinine levels to screen for kidney issues.

Creatinine:Creatinine levels vary based on individual factors but generally reflect kidney health. Abnormal levels often signal kidney disease or damage. Creatinine, a chemical byproduct of muscle metabolism, can be influenced by lifestyle, diet, and medications, impacting the kidneys' ability to function.

eGFR:eGFR is a key kidney biomarker used to diagnose kidney disease early when it's most treatable. It also tracks kidney function in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions, providing a clear picture of kidney health.

Globulin:Globulin is a protein vital for liver function, blood clotting, and immune system operations. Abnormal levels can indicate various conditions such as liver disease, autoimmune disorders, or chronic infections.

Creatine Kinase:CK is an enzyme found in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. Elevated levels can indicate muscle damage, inflammation, or conditions like rhabdomyolysis or myocardial infarction, signalling muscle health issues.

Uric Acid:Uric acid is a waste product from breaking down purines, found in certain foods and drinks. High levels can lead to gout, characterised by sudden, severe joint pain, redness, and tenderness. It’s also linked to kidney stones and renal dysfunction.

Magnesium Serum:This test measures magnesium levels in your blood, vital for muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and bone health. Low levels can cause muscle cramps, fatigue, and irregular heartbeats, while high levels might indicate kidney failure or excessive magnesium intake.

Zinc:Zinc is crucial for immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division. Deficiency can weaken the immune response, cause hair loss, and delay wound healing, while excessive intake can disrupt the absorption of other essential minerals.

Copper:Copper is essential for keeping your body strong and healthy. It supports iron metabolism, red blood cell formation, and maintains healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function. Abnormal levels can signal health issues like Wilson's disease (copper buildup) or Menkes disease (copper deficiency).

TSH:TSH is produced by the pituitary gland and regulates the release of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Abnormal TSH levels can reveal thyroid issues such as hypothyroidism, which affects 1 in 5 women and 1 in 10 men. When combined with thyroid peroxidase (TPO) levels, it may indicate conditions like Grave’s disease.

Thyroxine T4:This test measures the level of free thyroxine in the blood, offering insights into overall thyroid function. T4 is produced by the thyroid gland and converted to the active hormone T3 in the liver and kidneys. Together, T4 and T3 play a vital role in heart and digestive function, metabolism, brain development, bone health, and muscle control.

Triiodothyronine T3:T3 is the most active thyroid hormone, crucial for regulating body temperature, heart rate, cholesterol, memory, hair growth, muscle function, digestion, and fertility. Measuring T3 levels can help diagnose hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, including Hashimoto’s disease.

Ferritin:Ferritin stores iron in cells and releases it when needed to produce red blood cells. Measuring ferritin levels helps diagnose iron deficiency, liver disease, inflammation, or insulin resistance.

Iron Binding Capacity:TIBC assesses the body's ability to transport iron in the blood. It helps diagnose and monitor iron-deficiency or iron overload. Low TIBC levels can indicate too much iron and conditions like anemias, inflammation, or liver disease.

Transferrin Saturation:TSAT measures the percentage of transferrin, the protein that transports iron in the blood, that is saturated with iron. This test is crucial for assessing iron status and diagnosing conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or iron overload disorders like hemochromatosis.

UIBC:UIBC measures the reserve capacity of transferrin available to bind additional iron. This biomarker provides critical insights into the body's iron status, helping diagnose and manage conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia and iron overload disorders.

HbA1c:HbA1c measures the average glucose attached to blood cells over the past 90 days, providing a clear picture of long-term blood sugar control. It helps diagnose, monitor, and screen for prediabetes and diabetes. Elevated HbA1c levels can indicate issues triggered by inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, kidney damage, thyroid disorders, and more. Diet and lifestyle habits significantly impact this test.

hs-CRP:hs-CRP is a key marker for assessing the risk of inflammation-related diseases. Chronic inflammation is linked to major health issues like heart disease (even before symptoms appear), type 2 diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, Alzheimer’s, depression, autoimmune diseases, and severe allergic reactions like asthma. Monitoring hs-CRP levels offers valuable insights into your overall health and inflammation status.

Vitamin D:Often underdiagnosed and undertreated, vitamin D deficiency can lead to numerous health issues over time, including hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, heart disease, fatigue, depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), gut problems, and fibromyalgia. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system, thyroid function, bone and teeth health, muscle strength, and brain function.

Folate:Also known as Vitamin B9, folate is vital for DNA synthesis, cell growth, and red blood cell formation. Deficiency can result in anaemia, elevated homocysteine levels, and complications during pregnancy, such as neural tube defects. 

Active B12:Active Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Deficiency can lead to anaemia, fatigue, memory problems, and neurological issues.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH):FSH is crucial for ovarian health and pituitary function. It helps diagnose conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), perimenopause, or menopause. As a protein hormone, FSH stimulates ovarian follicles to produce and release eggs during ovulation.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH):LH provides insight into sexual development and fertility. It triggers the release of oestrogen during the menstrual cycle, leading to ovulation. LH levels can also indicate perimenopause and menopause.

Oestradiol:Oestradiol, a type of oestrogen, is key for detecting menopause, PCOS, and hormone-producing tumours. It also helps mitigate the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, and is crucial for uterine and breast health.

Progesterone:Progesterone is key for maintaining menstrual health and early pregnancy. It prepares the uterus for implantation after ovulation and supports the early stages of pregnancy. Low levels can cause menstrual irregularities and difficulties in sustaining a pregnancy.